Staghorn Ferns | A Complete Guide to Growing and Caring for these Unique Plants

Staghorn ferns are unique and fascinating plants that can add an interesting touch to any indoor or outdoor garden. They are epiphytic plants, which means that they grow on trees, rocks, or other plants, without relying on soil to obtain their nutrients. The staghorn ferns get their name from the antler-like shape of their fronds, which can grow up to several feet long. In this blog post, we will discuss everything you need to know about staghorn ferns, including their care, propagation, and common problems.

1. Types of Staghorn Ferns

There are several types of staghorn ferns, but the most common ones are:

• Platycerium bifurcatum: This type of staghorn fern has two types of fronds - the basal fronds, which are flat and shield-shaped, and the antler fronds, which grow upward and resemble antlers.

• Platycerium elephantotis: This staghorn fern has very large, antler-like fronds that can grow up to six feet long.

• Platycerium grande: This is a large, tropical staghorn fern that has huge fronds that can grow up to 8 feet long and 4 feet wide.

• Platycerium hillii: This is a smaller staghorn fern that has narrow, pointed fronds that grow upward.

2. Growing Conditions

Staghorn ferns can be grown indoors or outdoors, depending on the climate. They are native to tropical and subtropical regions, so they require warm temperatures, high humidity, and indirect light.

• Light: Staghorn ferns prefer bright, indirect light. Too much direct sunlight can burn their fronds, while too little light can stunt their growth.

• Temperature: These plants prefer warm temperatures between 60-80°F. They can tolerate cooler temperatures, but they will not grow as quickly.

• Humidity: Staghorn ferns require high humidity levels between 60-70%. You can increase humidity by misting the fronds regularly or placing a humidifier near the plant.

• Soil: Staghorn ferns do not require soil. Instead, they grow on a bed of sphagnum moss or other organic material.

3. Watering

Staghorn ferns are susceptible to root rot, so it's important to water them correctly. They should be watered once a week or whenever the moss feels dry to the touch. To water the plant, soak the entire root ball in a bucket of water for 10-20 minutes, then let it drain completely before hanging it back up.

4. Fertilizer

Staghorn ferns require regular fertilization to thrive. They should be fertilized every month during the growing season (spring and summer) with a balanced fertilizer. You can also use a specialized staghorn fern fertilizer that contains micronutrients.

5. Repotting

Staghorn ferns do not need to be repotted frequently. In fact, repotting can be detrimental to their health. Instead, you can divide the plant or attach it to a new board or basket as it grows.

6. Propagation

Staghorn ferns can be propagated through spores or by dividing the plant. To propagate through spores, wait until the fronds have produced spores (small, brown dots on the underside of the fronds). Collect the spores by placing a paper bag over the fronds and shaking it gently. Sprinkle the spores on a bed of sphagnum moss and mist regularly until they germinate.

To propagate by dividing the plant, carefully remove the plant from its current board or basket and divide it into smaller sections. Replant each section on a new board or basket with fresh sphagnum moss.

7. Common Problems

Staghorn ferns are relatively low-maintenance plants, but they can still encounter a few common problems.

• Root rot: This is the most common problem with staghorn ferns. It occurs when the plant is overwatered or the roots are allowed to sit in standing water. To prevent root rot, make sure to water the plant correctly and ensure good drainage.

• Pest infestations: Staghorn ferns can attract pests like scale insects, mealybugs, and spider mites. You can use an insecticidal soap or neem oil to control these pests.

• Frond damage: Staghorn ferns have delicate fronds that can be easily damaged. Avoid handling the fronds and make sure the plant is in a safe location where it won't be accidentally knocked over.

8. Displaying Staghorn Ferns

Staghorn ferns are beautiful plants that can add a unique touch to any indoor or outdoor garden. They can be displayed in several ways:

• Mounted on a board: Staghorn ferns are often mounted on a piece of wood, such as a cedar plank, and hung on a wall.

• In a basket: You can also plant staghorn ferns in a wire basket with sphagnum moss and hang it from a hook.

• In a terrarium: Staghorn ferns can also be displayed in a terrarium with other plants.

• In a pot: While staghorn ferns do not require soil, they can still be grown in a pot with a soilless mix of perlite and peat moss.

In conclusion, staghorn ferns are unique and fascinating plants that can add an interesting touch to any indoor or outdoor garden. They require warm temperatures, high humidity, and indirect light. They should be watered correctly and fertilized regularly. Staghorn ferns can be propagated through spores or by dividing the plant. They can be displayed in several ways, including mounted on a board, in a basket, in a terrarium, or in a pot. With proper care, staghorn ferns can thrive and grow into beautiful, antler-shaped fronds that are sure to impress.