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Introduction

The American Elderberry (Sambucus nigra ssp. canadensis) is a native shrub found throughout much of North America. Known for its beautiful clusters of fragrant white flowers and its small, dark purple berries, elderberry is a popular choice for both landscaping and foraging.

Plantation

1. Site selection: Choose a well-draining location with full sun or partial shade. Elderberries prefer slightly acidic to neutral soil (pH 5.5-7.0).
2. Soil preparation: Loosen the soil, mix in organic matter and ensure adequate drainage.
3. Plant spacing: Space plants 6-10 feet apart in rows 8-10 feet apart.
4. Planting time: Plant bare-root or container-grown elderberries in early spring or late fall.

Growing

1. Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist, watering deeply every 1-2 weeks during the growing season.
2. Fertilizing: Apply an all-purpose fertilizer in early spring, following package instructions for rates and application methods.
3. Mulching: Apply a 2-4-inch layer of organic mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
4. Pruning: Prune in late winter, removing dead, damaged, or diseased wood and thinning out crowded branches.

Care

1. Pests and diseases: Monitor for common pests like aphids, borers, and spider mites, and diseases like powdery mildew, canker, and leaf spot. Employ integrated pest management strategies when needed.
2. Support: Stake plants when necessary to prevent drooping or breakage.
3. Harvesting: Pick berries when fully ripe, usually in late summer or early fall.

Benefits

1. Edible berries: Elderberries are a versatile and nutritious fruit, rich in antioxidants, vitamins, and minerals. They can be used to make jams, jellies, pies, wines, and more.
2. Medicinal properties: Elderberries have been traditionally used for their immune-boosting and antiviral properties. They are commonly used in syrups, teas, and supplements to treat colds and flu.
3. Landscaping: Elderberry plants provide visual interest with their large, compound leaves, fragrant flowers, and attractive berries. They also attract pollinators and birds to the garden.
4. Wildlife habitat: Elderberries serve as a valuable food source and shelter for a variety of wildlife species.